วันศุกร์ที่ 9 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2552

Nobel Prize's History : Alfred Nobel


Alfred Nobel (1833-1896)

Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer and inventor who created the dynamite, the Nobel Prizes.

The Nobel Prize, the prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the world for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace, who tried to make the better world.

Alfred Nobel was born October 21, 1833 in Stockholm, Sweden. He was the son of Immanuel Nobel and Andriette Ahlsell Nobel. His father was an engineer and inventor. In 1842, The Nobel’s family moved to Saint Petersburg (Petrograd, Leningrad), Russia. In 1850, where his father started a "torpedo" works. Nobel's father sent him abroad to study chemical engineering and when Alfred was 18, he went to the United States to study chemistry for four years. He returned to Sweden in 1863 with his father after the bankruptcy of the family business.

In Sweden, Nobel dedicated to the study of explosives. He was especially interested in nitroglycerin, a highly unstable explosive. During the experiments in nitroglycerin Nobel's brother Emil was killed in an explosion at their factory in Heleneborg, Stockholm in 1864. Few years later, Nobel was discovered the solution to making nitroglycerin safer and easier to handle. He embedded nitroglycerine in silicon, an inert substance. This he patented in 1867 under the name "Dynamite", Nobel’s Dynamite, and was soon known in blasting tunnels, cutting canals and building of railways and roads in the world. Nobel Prize was awarded to invent a number of other explosives.

In the 1870s and 1880s, Nobel founded a network of factories throughout Europe, the production of explosives. In 1894 he bought an ironworks at Bofors in Sweden, the cores of the industry have been known Bofors arms. Although he lived in Paris, Nobel traveled extensively. He continued to work in his laboratory, inventing a number of plastics and the time of his death he had 355 patents.

But one thing that disturb his mind is his "dynamite" have been used in the war or kill the mankind insteed to blasting tunnels, cutting canals and building of railways and roads follow his intention. In November 1895, Nobel signed his last will to create the Nobel Prize. He canceled most of his large fortune annual prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace to create. An economic price was added later.

Nobel died at his home in Italy December 10, 1896th He is buried in Stockholm.

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